Ask Questions: Brainstorm a list of all possible questions that come to mind
Identify them as Open or Close ended (those which can have a Yes/No answer), as well as whether they are testable or not
Hone in on one question that interests you, and is testable (you can gather data to provide evidence to back or refute the claim you are testing)
Background Research: Look at existing knowledge or studies by other scientists as background research
Generate a Hypothesis (If <your tentative explanation> is happening, then <prediction> must occur). This is your claim, your tentative explanation in response to the question you chose to study
Plan the investigation
Identify variables, experimental and control groups, constants
Conduct the investigation, gather data
Results: Organize the data and Analyze the results
Consider - do the patterns in the data provide evidence to back the claim you make in your hypothesis? Why/ why not?
If possible, do a statistical test on the data to see whether the hypothesis can be accepted
Go back and ask more questions, revise hypothesis, repeat investigation as needed
Discussion: Argue from evidence, Communicate your findings
Explain how your investigation supports or refutes your claim
Consider possible errors in the study - bias, human error, other
Consider next steps - suggest ways to strengthen findings, further investigations